Research · Indian case law

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followed or overruled
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Good-law check

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ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant ShuklaOverruled
(1976) 2 SCC 521 · Supreme Court · Constitution Bench

Held that during the Emergency a person could not move court to enforce the right to life and liberty under Article 21.

Followed / relied onfew
Distinguishedsome
Overruled / doubteddecisive
Key treatment: Expressly overruled by the nine-judge bench in K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1.
Bars are illustrative.
Citation graph

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Year across, court level down, arrows from each citing case back to the authority. Colour says how it was treated. Turn treatments on and off; click a case to read why.

Supreme CourtHigh CourtsTrial courts201420202026
Followed
Satender Kumar Antil v. CBI
2022 · Supreme Court

Relied on Arnesh Kumar and directed compliance with S.41 and S.41A across the country.

Illustrative graph.
Judgment reader

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Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar(2014) 8 SCC 273
7.Arrest brings humiliation, curtails freedom and casts scars forever. Law makers know it so also the police.
11.Our endeavour in this judgment is to ensure that police officers do not arrest the accused unnecessarily and Magistrates do not authorise detention casually and mechanically.
13.Failure to comply with the directions shall, apart from rendering the police officers concerned liable for departmental action, also make them liable to be punished for contempt of court.
Paragraph numbers illustrative — confirm against the reported judgment.
Bare acts

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Central acts
Section 318
Cheating

Whoever, by deceiving any person, fraudulently or dishonestly induces the person so deceived to deliver any property to any person… is said to “cheat”.

Replaces IPC S.415 / S.420
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